Essay Question: Write a well-structured essay based on the textbook material
that answers one of these questions. 30%
Karl Marx, Max Weber, and state theorists all provided explanations for the beginnings of capitalism. Compare (find the similarities) and contrast (find the differences) in the three explanations. If you were forced to choose one explanation, which would be the most convincing? Use evidence to support your answer.
Explain Kingsley Davis’ demographic transition theory relating modernization to low fertility. Use specific evidence from the textbook to describe whether this theory is holding true in developing nations, and ways in which developed nations have varied from the original formulation of the theory
There is a linkage between industrialization and urbanization. Explain why urbanization required farming to become industrialized, and why industrialization required urbanization. Use specific evidence from the text.
What are the main characteristics which distinguish formal organizations? Compare and contrast the natural systems and the rational systems approaches to formal organizations, and explain the best approach to the working with these different perspectives. Use specific evidence from the text.
Compare and contrast the “collective behavior” and “resource mobilization” approaches to explaining the birth of social movements. How does this compare with the conditions under which people, according to the J-curve theory, are more likely to take actions directed at changing their environment? Use specific evidence from the text.
Domesday Book: extensive population count and property register commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1066 (499-500).
Malthus: populations rise when given the opportunity, but famine, disease and war limit them (508-511).
Davis: developed the theory of the demographic transition. Theory traces a society’s transition from a high fertility-high mortality environment to a low fertility-low mortality environment. Population growth occurs when the mortality rate falls before the fertility rate. Persons choose to limit fertility once large families are perceived as costly (512-513).
Berelson: identified modernization thresholds associated with fertility decline. Fertility decline occurs when several of the thresholds are attained (514).
Cutright and Hargens: studied fertility decline in Latin America. Fertility declines occurred when literacy and life expectancy thresholds were attained (514).
van de Walle: insights into “numeracy” and fertility control (522-523).
Bongaarts: discovered that actual fertility is significantly higher than wanted fertility in high fertility nations (523).
Caldwell and colleagues: research suggests that unwanted births are high in developing countries because contraceptives cannot be obtained easily (523).
England: examined trends and future prospects related to the increase in the relative size of the elderly population, as well as the growing excess of males, in China (525, 526-527).
Hudson and den Boer: discuss the growing excess of males in China and social changes associated with it, including changing sexual mores in China and possible encouragement for China to launch military adventures (527).
Weber: study of Protestantism and the rise of capitalism (483-485).
Wallerstein: theory of “world system” (486-488).
Delacroix: tested claims of dependency theory with cross-national data. Observed that export of raw materials does not influence change in per capita gross domestic product or change in educational attainment. A link is discovered between change in educational attainment and change in per capita gross domestic product (488-490).
Hage, Garnier and Fuller: using data on France 1825-1975, examined the positive effect of education upon industrialization, arguing that this requires that education must be standardized in character and quality, be provided to a substantial number of people, and focus on teaching skills that industry needs (491).
Firebaugh and Beck: also tested claims of dependency theory with cross-national data. Discovered little support for dependency theory. Observed that national quality of life is influenced more by internal economic development and that secondary education stimulates economic development (491).
Bradshaw and Wallace: poverty and problems in Third World countries more the result of local corruption and ineptitude than dependency processes (493).
Firebaugh: the degree of inequality between nations has been decreasing (493).
McLuhan: developed concept of the “global village.” Globalization involves them building of unified communication and economic networks and the creation of a unified culture (493).
Huntington: modernization is compatible with maintaining strong local cultures that differ widely (494).
Simpson: the development of the “self” is not consistent with the idea of a “global village” (494).
I’ve thought about the lost class due to the blizzard, and the following seems like the best plan. If there is anyone for whom this causes a big problem, let me know.
We will talk about the chapter on the State on Monday
The exam will be changed to a take-home exam, available on Monday 4/14 and due on Friday 4/18.
Standard Cross-Cultural Sample: source for data on gender inequality in non-industrial societies (327).
Female Empowerment Index: developed by United Nations staff to measure gender inequality. Measure is based on women’s political and economic involvement relative to men’s. (328)
Guttentag and Secord: developed theory linking sex ratios and sex roles. The status of women and the sex role vary inversely. (327, 330-333, 338-342)
Cott: completed an excellent history of American feminism. (343-345, 351)
Taeuber and Valdisera: studied gender difference in income. Noted that women tend to be concentrated in lower-paying occupations, are more likely to experience career interruptions and to acquire educational training in fields that do not lead to higher-paying jobs. (348-349)
Fossett and Kiecolt: observed strong correlation between variations in African American sex ratios and single parent African American households. More women marry as the supply of men increases. (353)
The four types of people socialized to handle conflict include:Condescending Abuser, Cowardly Evader, Aggressive Attacker, and Passive Reticent.
Factors that affect how people are socialized to handle conflict include: Family, Environment, Discrimination, Status, and Self-Esteem.
A Condescending Abuser is socialized to be verbally abusive, intimidating, contemptuous, threatening, conniving, know it all, and discriminative.
In the following two videos one will hear an example of how people who are discriminative towards others also tend to be condescending.
They are ____________ to the other person.
Verbally Abusive
Intimidating
Contemptuous
Threatening
Conniving
Discriminative
Condescending Abuser: United States
In the following two videos one will hear two examples of how family and status plays an important role in the way people handle conflict.
Status
Same status or lower status:all bets are off; person does not hold back
Higher status: more respect is shown; person holds back
Family
Treated like a child: more condescending towards others
Treated like an adult: treat others more respectfully
Condescending Abuser: Jamaica
People from Jamaica tend to handle most of their conflicts in a condescending manner, unlike Americans, who tend to vary a lot. Most Jamaicans are very prideful about themselves. Jamaicans have always felt the need to let other Jamaicans know how much better they are, than the other person, when in a conflict. Jamaicans do this by making fun of the person and pointing out faults to make themselves look good. Basically, they are saying that you would never see them do this, or be that, like that person.
Status is usually not a factor among Jamaicans. They are more likely to express there emotions without holding back for fear. The belief that respect will be shown to one if one shows respect, is prevalent in Jamaica. So age, culture, and profession is not a factor.
A Cowardly Evader is socialized to have a logical explanation for everything, evade being hit at all cost, and make up a story to get out of trouble.
Cowardly Evader Jamaica
A Aggressive Attacker is socialized to be out of control, attack, shout, SCREAM, throw things, and ignore the other person.
Aggressive Attacker: United States
In the following video, one will hear an example of how one’s environment and self-esteem plays an important role in the way one handles conflict.
Environment
Bad neighborhood: a more aggressive nature
Good neighborhood: a less aggressive nature
Self-Esteem
Physical Deficiency: easily riled; one feels like they have to prove everything
Good Physicality: one is less likely to feel like they have to prove themselves when it comes to their physicality
Aggressive Attacker: Jamaican
When it comes to Jamaican people, a lot of them tend to respond with extreme aggression. They become blind sided by their anger and leave no room for “sorry”.
For example, there was this boy who told another boy to go “F%$# his mother”, instead of verbally attacking the boy or hit him, the boy went home, got a machete and sliced the other boy’s face right down the middle.
Anything could trigger there anger because they are less likely to be open-minded about what the other person is saying, be more in control of their feelings, and also many of them feel as if they have to prove that they are tough, and dangerous, and not to be messed with so that others won’t mess with them. Why do they feel like they have to be tough, and dangerous, and not to be messed with? Because most Jamaicans live in a dangerous environment where violence is sometimes necessary in order to survive.
Americans on the other hand, tend to be more open-minded because of the huge diversity. The law is also upheld more in America (so a slice to the head would not be a common thing in a America) and it is also less corrupt than Jamaica’s.
A Passive Reticent is socialized to respond with silence, not defend themselves (verbally or physically), and not express their feelings.
Why? Because they feel like it won’t make a difference if they say anything, they are scared, they don’t know how to handle the situation, and, or they were taught that it was considered as a form of respect, and, or intelligence.
Passive Reticent: United States
Bibliography
Oliver Volume Three. Dir. Trevor Neim. Pro. Calvin Butler. Perfs. Oliver Samuel. Jamaican Broadcasting Corporation
Oliver Volume Four. Dir. Trevor Neim. Pro. Calvin Butler. Perfs. Oliver Samuel. Jamaican Broadcasting Corporation
The media play a huge role in socializing men. In my presentation Media Man I’ve tried to give you a brief taste of some of the Media created typologies. You will need Power Point on your computer to view this show, and I apologize, I could not get the music to work online.
