McDougall: developed social psychological approach that emphasized the instinctive
basis of human behavior (125). Blalock: identified links among opportunity structures like sports, individual and group
performance and discrimination (130-131).
Gottesman: demonstrated heredity of schizophrenia (132).
Schuckit: studied association among alcoholism of biological and adoptive parents and
alcoholism of adopted children. The environmental impact represented by the adoptive parent is identified as the stronger factor impacting alcoholism among adopted children. (132)
Vietnam Veterans Study: testosterone levels linked to risk of being divorced, sexual
promiscuity, alcohol and drug abuse and other behavioral outcomes (136).
Lemba Origins: DNA analysis provides key link in establishing Jewish kinship ties of a
cultural group presently residing in southern Africa (137).
Goodall: extensive field observation of primates. Demonstrated that chimpanzees are
able to create and transmit culture. Chimpanzees create tools and teach their offspring to make and use them. (138-140)
The Harlows: monkeys reared in isolation are unable to interact effectively with other
primates. The primary mother-child tie is associated with cuddling rather than nursing. (141-142)
The Gardiners: primates communicate through the use of gestures and are able to learn
and use American Sign Language. Primates can teach sign language to their young. (142-144)
